ABSTRACT
Background:Ampullary lesions are being detected with increased frequency with the growing use of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. However, it is uncertain how frequently endoscopists properly visualize the major papilla in routine clinical practice. This study was undertaken to determine the actual rate of observing the major papilla by endoscopists and if there is a room for improvement in visualizing the duodenal major papilla when performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Methods:This was a single-center, prospective, randomized study involving 3,088 consecutive patients referred for diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy at tertiary-care referral center between September and November 2010. Six fellows-in-training in the study group attempted to visualize the major papillaup to three times, while six fellows-in-training in the control group performed endoscopy in a standard fashion.Results:The overall observation rate was significantly higher in study group (975 of 1070 [91.1%]) than in control group (624 of 1022 [61%], p<0.001). 揅omplete observation� was achieved in 68.2% of the cases in study group compared to 45.0% of the cases in control group (p<0.001). The total procedure time was slightly, but significantly longer in the study group (5.82�38 min versus5.52�11 min, p=0.003).Conclusions:The rate of observing the major papilla for endoscopists is not as high as expected in routine clinical practice; however, the rate of observing the major papilla might improve significantly through application of additional effort with but a modest increase in procedural time.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos: la pancreatitis y la colecistitis son complicaciones mayores después de la postura de un stent metálico cubierto en el manejo de la obstrucción biliar distal maligna. Se pretende comparar el uso de un stent biliar cubierto convencional con un nuevo prototipo de stent biliar cubierto de morfología en flor con baja fuerza axial (FA) y fuerza radial (FR), y evaluar el impacto de las cifras de colecistitis y pancreatitis poststent. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado en el que se comparó un grupo de 18 pacientes con stent biliar tipo flor (SF) con un grupo de pacientes que recibieron un stent biliar convencional (SC) con una relación 1:2, para el manejo de la obstrucción biliar distal maligna. Se evaluaron datos demográficos; el éxito técnico y clínico; así como la aparición de colecistitis y/o pancreatitis, tasas de migración y/u oclusión. Resultados: se evaluaron 18 pacientes en el grupo con SF (7 hombres, 39 %) con una edad mediana de 72 años y 36 pacientes (16 hombres, 44 %) en el grupo de SC con una edad mediana de 71 años. Se presentaron 3 casos de colecistitis y 4 casos de pancreatitis, todos ellos en el grupo de SC. Al explorar la asociación de los aspectos clínicos con respecto al tipo de stent, el análisis multivariado mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en 4 aspectos: la hemoglobina, la longitud de estenosis, la etiología y la oclusión del stent. Al evaluar los tiempos de supervivencia entre los pacientes con SC y SF, no se hallaron diferencias significativas en las funciones de supervivencia (log rank, p = 0,399). En el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox, solo un aspecto mostró diferencias significativas frente a los tiempos de supervivencia: la presencia de metástasis. Conclusiones: el uso de un nuevo prototipo de stent SF (con surcos laterales) con menor FA y FR se relaciona con un menor índice de complicaciones como colecistitis y pancreatitis en comparación con el SC, en la paliación de las estenosis biliares malignas distales sin detrimento de su permeabilidad o migración y sin afectar la supervivencia de estos pacientes.
Abstract Background and objectives: Pancreatitis and cholecystitis are major complications following stenting with covered metallic stents to manage malignant distal biliary obstructions. We compare the use of a conventional covered biliary stent with a new prototype of a covered biliary stent with a flower-pedal structure that uses with low axial force and radial force in order to evaluate impacts on cholecystitis and pancreatitis after stenting. Methods: This is a non-randomized prospective comparison of a group of 18 patients stented with a flower-like biliary stent (FS group) with a group of 36 patients who received conventional biliary stents (CS group) ratio for management of malignant distal biliary obstructions. Demographic data and data about technical and clinical success including the appearance of cholecystitis and/or pancreatitis, migration rates and/or occlusion were evaluated. Results: The 18 FS group patients included 7 men (39%) and had a median age of 72 years. The 36 CS group patients included 16 men (44%) and had a median age of 71 years. There were three cases of cholecystitis and four cases of pancreatitis, all of which were in the CS group. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in four clinical areas: hemoglobin, length of stenosis, etiology and occlusion of stents. No significant differences were found in survival time functions (Log Rank, p = 0.399). In Cox's proportional hazards model, the only significant difference with respect to survival times was found on the issue of whether or not metastasis was present. Conclusions: The use of the new prototype flower-like biliary stent with lateral grooves and lower axial force and radial force is related to a lower rate of complications such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis than the use of conventional stents for palliation of distal malignant biliary stenoses. The new stent has no detriments in terms of permeability or migration and did not affect the survival of these patients.